The process flows of layer-7 and layer-4 CLB (formerly application CLB) are shown below:
Using Layer-7 CLB to forward an HTTP/HTTPS protocol, you can add a corresponding domain name when creating a forwarding rule in a CLB instance listener.
If only one forwarding rule is created, you can access the corresponding forwarding rule and the service through VIP+URL.
If multiple forwarding rules are created, the use of VIP+URL does not guarantee access to a specified domain name+URL. You should access a domain name+URL directly to make sure a forwarding rule has taken effect. In other words, when you configure multiple forwarding rules, a VIP may correspond to multiple domain names. In this case, we recommend you access the service via specified domain name+URL instead of VIP+URL.
Layer-7 Forwarding Configurations
Domain forwarding configurations
Layer-7 CLB can forward requests from different domain names and URLs to different servers. A layer-7 listener can be configured with multiple domain names, each of which can be configured with multiple forwarding paths.
Length limit for the forwarded domain name: 1 to 80 characters.
It cannot begin with _.
An exact domain is supported, such as www.example.com.
Wildcard domain names are supported, but currently only those in the form of *.example.com or www.example.*, that is, wildcard domain names begin or end with * which appears only once.
For non-regex forwarded domain names, valid character sets include a-z, 0-9, ., - and _.
The forwarded domain name supports regex. Regex domain names:
Supported character sets include a-z, 0-9, ., -, ?, =, ~, _, -, +, <code>\\\\</code>, ^, *, !, $, &, |, (, ), [, and ].
Must begin with ~ which can appear only once.
An example of regex domain name supported by CLB may be ~^www\\d+\\.example\\.com$.
Forwarded domain name matching
General matching policies
1. If you enter an IP address instead of a domain name in the forwarding rule and configure multiple URLs in the forwarding group, VIP+URL will be used to access the service.
2. If you configure a full domain name in the forwarding rule and multiple URLs in the forwarding group, domain name+URL will be used to access the service.
3. If you configure a wildcard domain name in the forwarding rule and multiple URLs in the forwarding group, you will access the service through the matching of requested domain name and URLs. To have different domain names point to the same URL, you can use this method for configuration. Taking example.qcould.com as an example, the format is as follows:
Exact match: matches the domain name which is completely matched with the entered domain.
Prefix wildcard: matches all domain names with the specified second- and top-level domain, such as *.qcloud.com.
Suffix wildcard: matches all domain names with the specified third- and second-level domain, such as example.qcloud.*.
Regex match: ~^www\\d+\\.example\\.com$
Priority: Exact match > Prefix wildcard > Suffix wildcard > Regex match. It is recommended to use a more precise domain name to prevent activation of multiple matching rules. Otherwise, you may end up with inaccurate matching results when multiple domain names at the same level are hit at one time.
4. If you configure a domain name in the forwarding rule and a URL for fuzzy matching in the forwarding group, you can initiate full matching by using prefix matches and adding a suffixed wildcard $.
For example, if you enter URL ~*.(gif|jpg|bmp)$, it will match all .gif, .jpg and .bmp files.
Default domain name policy
When the requested domain name does not match any rule, CLB will forward the request to the default domain name (Default Server). One listener can have only one default domain name.
For example, the HTTP:80 listener of CLB instance 1 is configured with two domain names: www.test1.com and www.test2.com, where www.test1.com is the default domain name. When a user visits www.example.com, since no domain name is matched, CLB will forward the request to the default domain name www.test1.com.
Note:
Before May 18, 2020, the default domain name is optional for layer-7 listeners.
If your layer-7 listener has a default domain name configured, client requests that do not match other rules will be forwarded to it.
If your layer-7 listener has no default domain name configured, client requests that do not match other rules will be forwarded to the first domain name loaded by CLB (its loading order may be different from that configured in the console; therefore, it may not be the first one configured in the console).
Starting from May 18, 2020:
All new layer-7 listeners must have a default domain name: the first rule of a layer-7 listener will be set as the default domain name. When you create a layer-7 rule via API, the DefaultServer field is set to true.
For all listeners that have a default domain name configured, you need to specify a new default domain name when modifying or deleting the existing default domain name: when you perform the operation in the console, you need to specify a new default domain name; when you perform the operation by calling an API, if you do not set a new default domain name, CLB will set the earliest-created one among the remaining domain names as the new default domain name.
For existing rules without a default domain name, you can directly configure a default domain name based on your business needs as instructed in operation 4 below. If you don't do so, Tencent Cloud will set the first domain name loaded by CLB as the default domain name. Existing listeners will be all processed before June 19, 2020.
The above policy will be implemented gradually starting from May 18, 2020, and the effective date for each instance may vary slightly. As of June 20, 2020, all layer-7 listeners that have a forwarded domain name will have a default domain name.
The following four operations can be performed on the default domain name:
Operation 1: when configuring the first forwarding rule for the layer-7 listener, the default domain name must be in "enabled" status.
Operation 2: disable the current default domain name.
If there are multiple domain names under a listener, when disabling the current default domain name, you need to specify a new default domain name.
If a listener has only one domain name and the domain name is the default domain name, it cannot be disabled.
Operation 3: delete the default domain name.
If there are multiple domain names under a listener, when you delete a rule under the default domain name:
If the rule is not the last rule of the default domain name, you can delete it directly.
If the rule is the last rule of the default domain name, you need to set a new default domain name.
If there is only one domain name under a listener, you can directly delete all rules without setting a new default domain name.
Operation 4
: you can quickly modify the default domain name in the listener list.
Forwarded URL path configuration rules
Layer-7 CLB can forward requests from different URLs to different servers for processing, and multiple forwarded URL paths can be configured for a single domain name.
Length limit of forwarded URL: 1–200 characters.
A non-regex forwarded URL is case-sensitive and must start with /, with valid character sets including a-z, A-Z, 0-9, ., -, _, /, =, ?, and :.
Forwarded URL supports regex:
A regex URL must begin with ~ which can appear only once.
For a regex URL, the valid character sets include a-z, A-Z, 0-9, ., -, _, /, =, ?, ~, ^, *, $, :, (, ), [, ], +, and |.
An example of regex URL may be ~* .png$.
The matching rules for a forwarded URL are as follows:
Beginning with = indicates exact match.
Beginning with ^~ indicates that the URL starts with a regular string and is not for regex match.
Beginning with ~ indicates case-sensitive regex match.
Beginning with ~* indicates case-insensitive regex match.
/ indicates generic match, where any requests will be matched if there are no other matches.
Forwarded URL path matching description
1. Matching rules: based on longest prefix match, exact match is performed first followed by fuzzy match.
For example, after you configure the forwarding rules and forwarding groups as shown above, the following requests will be matched into different forwarding rules in sequence.
1.1 Because example.qloud.com/test1/image/index1.html exactly matches the URL rule configured by forwarding group 1, the request will be forwarded to the real server associated with forwarding group 1, i.e., port 80 of CVM1 and CVM2 in the figure.
1.2 Because example.qloud.com/test1/image/hello.html has no exact match, it will match forwarding rule 2 based on longest prefix match; therefore, the request will be forwarded to the real servers associated with forwarding rule 2, i.e., port 81 of CVM2 and CVM3 in the figure.
1.3 Because example.qloud.com/test2/video/mp4/ has no exact match, it will match forwarding rule 3 based on longest prefix match; therefore, the request will be forwarded to the real server associated with forwarding rule 3, i.e., port 90 of CVM4 in the figure.
1.4 Because example.qloud.com/test3/hello/index.html has no exact match, it will match the root directory's default URL example.qloud.com/ by longest prefix match. In this case, Nginx will forward the request to the real server such as FastCGI (php) or Tomcat (jsp), while Nginx will exist as a reverse proxy server.
1.5 Because example.qloud.com/test2/ has no exact match, it will match the root directory's default URL example.qloud.com/ by longest prefix match.
2. If the service does not work properly in the set URL rules, it will not be redirected to other pages after successful match.
For example, the client requests example.qloud.com/test1/image/index1.html and matches it with forwarding group 1. However, the real server of forwarding group 1 has an exception and a 404 error page appears. You will see the 404 error page, but not being redirected to other pages.
3. You are recommended to point the default URL to a stable page (such as a static page or homepage) and bind it to all real servers. If none of the rules match, the system will point the request to the default URL page; otherwise, a 404 error may occur.
4. If you do not set the default URL, and none of the forwarding rules match, a 404 error will be returned when you access the service.
5. Note on the slash at the end of the layer-7 URL path: if the URL you set ends with /, but the access request from the client does not contain /, then the request will be redirected to a rule ending with / (301 redirect).
For example, under the HTTP:80 listener, the configured domain name is www.test.com:
5.1 If the URL set under this domain name is /abc/:
When the client accesses www.test.com/abc, it will be redirected to www.test.com/abc/.
When the client accesses www.test.com/abc/, it will match www.test.com/abc/.
5.2 If the URL set under this domain name is /abc:
When the client accesses www.test.com/abc, it will match www.test.com/abc.
When the client accesses www.test.com/abc/, it will also match www.test.com/abc.
Layer-7 Health Check Configuration Description
Health check domain name configuration rules
A health check domain name is the domain name used by layer-7 CLB to detect the health status of a real server.
Length limit: 1-80 characters.
Default: forwarded domain name.
Regex is not supported. If your forwarded domain name is a wildcard domain name, you should specify a fixed one (non-regex).
Valid character sets include a-z, 0-9, ., -, and _. For example, www.example.qcould.com.
Health check path configuration rules
A health check path is the URL path used by layer-7 CLB to detect the health status of a real server.
Length limit: 1-200 characters.
Default: /. You can enter a custom path starting with /.
Regex is not supported. You are recommended to specify a fixed URL (static page) for health check.
Valid character sets include a-z, A-Z, 0-9, ., -, _, /, =, ?, and :. For example, /index.
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