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Connecting to MySQL Database

Last updated: 2024-12-02 10:48:10

    Overview

    Currently, TDSQL-C for MySQL supports serverless billing. In this billing mode, the service is billed based on the actual computing and storage usage which is calculated by second and settled by hour. The TDSQL-C component of Serverless Framework also supports creating this type of databases.
    This document uses a function written in Node.js as an example to describe how to quickly create a TDSQL-C for MySQL serverless instance and call it in SCF.

    Directions

    Step
    Description
    -
    Use the Serverless Framework VPC component to create a VPC and subnet for communications between the function and the database.
    Use the Serverless Framework TDSQL-C component to create a MySQL instance to provide database services for the function project.
    Use the Serverless DB SDK to call the database. SCF allows you to directly call the Serverless DB SDK to connect to and manage a PostgreSQL database.
    Use Serverless Framework to deploy the project in the cloud and test it in the SCF console.
    You can use Serverless Framework to remove the project.

    Step 1. Configure environment variables

    1. Create a local directory to store code and dependent modules. This document uses the test-MySQL folder as an example.
    mkdir test-MySQL && cd test-MySQL
    2. Currently, TDSQL-C Serverless only supports four regions: ap-beijing-3, ap-guangzhou-4, ap-shanghai-2, and ap-nanjing-1, so you need to create the .env file in the project root directory and then configure the two environment variables REGION and ZONE:
    # .env
    REGION=xxx
    ZONE=xxx

    Step 2. Configure a VPC

    1. Create a VPC folder in the test-MySQL directory.
    mkdir VPC && cd VPC
    2. Create a serverless.yml file in VPC and use the VPC component to create the VPC and subnet. The sample content of serverless.yml is as follows (for all configuration items, please see the product documentation):
    #serverless.yml
    app: mysql-app
    stage: dev
    component: vpc # (required) name of the component. In that case, it's vpc.
    name: mysql-app-vpc # (required) name of your vpc component instance.
    inputs:
    region: ${env:REGION}
    zone: ${env:ZONE}
    vpcName: serverless-mysql
    subnetName: serverless-mysql
    

    Step 3. Configure Serverless DB

    1. Create a DB folder in test-MySQL.
    2. Create a serverless.yml file in the DB folder and enter the following content to use the Serverless Framework component to configure the TCB environment: The sample content of serverless.yml is as follows (for all configuration items, please see the product documentation):
    # serverless.yml
    app: mysql-app
    stage: dev
    component: cynosdb
    name: mysql-app-db
    inputs:
    region: ${env:REGION}
    zone: ${env:ZONE}
    vpcConfig:
    vpcId: ${output:${stage}:${app}:mysql-app-vpc.vpcId}
    subnetId: ${output:${stage}:${app}:mysql-app-vpc.subnetId}
    

    Step 4. Write the business code and configuration file

    1. Create an src folder in test-MySQL to store the business logic code and relevant dependencies.
    2. Create an index.js file in the src folder and enter the following sample code, so that you can use the SDK to connect to the MySQL database through the function and call the database in the environment:
    exports.main_handler = async (event, context, callback) => {
    var mysql = require('mysql2');
    var connection = mysql.createConnection({
    host : process.env.HOST,
    user : 'root',
    password : process.env.PASSWORD
    });
    connection.connect();
    connection.query('SELECT 1 + 1 AS solution', function (error, results, fields) {
    if (error) throw error;
    console.log('The solution is: ', results[0].solution);
    });
    connection.end();
    }
    
    3. Install the required dependent modules.
    npm install mysql2
    4. After writing the business code and installing the dependencies, create a serverless.yml file as shown below:
    app: mysql-app
    stage: dev
    component: scf
    name: mysql-app-scf
    
    inputs:
    src: ./
    functionName: ${name}
    region: ${env:REGION}
    runtime: Nodejs10.15
    timeout: 30
    vpcConfig:
    vpcId: ${output:${stage}:${app}:mysql-app-vpc.vpcId}
    subnetId: ${output:${stage}:${app}:mysql-app-vpc.subnetId}
    environment:
    variables:
    HOST: ${output:${stage}:${app}:mysql-app-db.connection.ip}
    PASSWORD: ${output:${stage}:${app}:mysql-app-db.adminPassword}
    

    Step 5. Deploy

    After the creation, the project directory structure is as follows:
    ./test-MySQL
    ├── vpc
    │ └── serverless.yml # VPC configuration file
    ├── db
    │ └── serverless.yml # Database configuration file
    ├── src
    │ ├── serverless.yml # SCF component configuration file
    │ ├── node_modules # Project dependency file
    │ └── index.js # Entry function
    └── .env # Environment variable file
    1. Run the following command for deployment in test-MySQL on the command line:
    sls deploy
    Note:
    During deployment, you need to scan the QR code to authorize. If you don't have a Tencent Cloud account yet, please sign up first.
    If your account is a sub-account, please get the authorization first as instructed in Account and Permission Configuration.
    If the following result is returned, the deployment is successful:
    mysql-app-vpc:
    region: xxx
    zone: xxx
    vpcId: xxxx-xxx
    ...
    
    mysql-app-db:
    dbMode: xxxx
    region: xxxx
    zone: xxxx
    ...
    
    mysql-app-scf:
    functionName: xxxx
    description: xxx
    ...
    
    59s › test-MySQL › "deploy" ran for 3 apps successfully.
    2. After the deployment succeeds, you can view and debug the function in the SCF console.

    Step 6. Remove the project (optional)

    Run the following command in the test-MySQL directory to remove the project:
    sls remove
    If the following result is returned, the removal is successful:
    serverless ⚡ framework
    4s › test-MySQL › Success

    Sample Code

    Python

    In Python, you can use the built-in pymysql dependency package in the SCF environment to connect to the database. The sample code is as follows:
    # -*- coding: utf8 -*-
    from os import getenv
    
    import pymysql
    from pymysql.err import OperationalError
    
    mysql_conn = None
    
    def __get_cursor():
    try:
    return mysql_conn.cursor()
    except OperationalError:
    mysql_conn.ping(reconnect=True)
    return mysql_conn.cursor()
    
    def main_handler(event, context):
    global mysql_conn
    if not mysql_conn:
    mysql_conn = pymysql.connect(
    host = getenv('DB_HOST', '<YOUR DB HOST>'),
    user = getenv('DB_USER','<YOUR DB USER>'),
    password = getenv('DB_PASSWORD','<YOUR DB PASSWORD>'),
    db = getenv('DB_DATABASE','<YOUR DB DATABASE>'),
    port = int(getenv('DB_PORT','<YOUR DB PORT>')),
    charset = 'utf8mb4',
    autocommit = True
    )
    
    with __get_cursor() as cursor:
    cursor.execute('select * from employee')
    myresult = cursor.fetchall()
    print(myresult)
    for x in myresult:
    print(x)
    

    Node.js

    Node.js allows you to use a connection pool for connection, which supports automatic reconnection to effectively avoid connection unavailability due to connection release by the SCF underlying layer or database. The sample code is as follows:
    Note:
    Before using a connection pool, you need to install the mysql2 dependency package first. For more information, please see Dependency Installation.
    'use strict';
    
    const DB_HOST = process.env[`DB_HOST`]
    const DB_PORT = process.env[`DB_PORT`]
    const DB_DATABASE = process.env[`DB_DATABASE`]
    const DB_USER = process.env[`DB_USER`]
    const DB_PASSWORD = process.env[`DB_PASSWORD`]
    
    const promisePool = require('mysql2').createPool({
    host : DB_HOST,
    user : DB_USER,
    port : DB_PORT,
    password : DB_PASSWORD,
    database : DB_DATABASE,
    connectionLimit : 1
    }).promise();
    
    exports.main_handler = async (event, context, callback) => {
    let result = await promisePool.query('select * from employee');
    console.log(result);
    }
    

    PHP

    In PHP, you can use the pdo_mysql or mysqli dependency package for data connection. The sample code is as follows:
    pdo_mysql
    <?php
    function handler($event, $context) {
    try{
    $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host= getenv("DB_HOST");dbname= getenv("DB_DATABASE"),getenv("DB_USER"),getenv("DB_PASSWORD")');
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
    }catch(PDOException $e){
    echo 'Databases connection failed: '.$e->getMessage();
    exit;
    }
    }
    mysqli
    <?php
    function main_handler($event, $context) {
    $host = "";
    $username = "";
    $password = "";
    
    // Create a connection
    $conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
    
    // Test the connection
    if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
    }
    echo "Connected successfully";
    
    mysqli_close($conn);
    echo "Disconnected";
    }
    ?>

    Java

    1. Please install the following dependencies as instructed in Dependency Installation.
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.tencentcloudapi</groupId>
    <artifactId>scf-java-events</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
    <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.11</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    2. Use HikariCP for connection. The sample code is as follows:
    package example;
    
    import com.qcloud.scf.runtime.Context;
    import com.qcloud.services.scf.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent;
    import com.qcloud.services.scf.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent;
    import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariConfig;
    import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
    
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
    import java.sql.ResultSet;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class Http {
    private DataSource dataSource;
    
    public Http() {
    HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
    config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://" + System.getenv("DB_HOST") + ":"+ System.getenv("DB_PORT") + "/" + System.getenv("DB_DATABASE"));
    config.setUsername(System.getenv("DB_USER"));
    config.setPassword(System.getenv("DB_PASSWORD"));
    config.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
    dataSource = new HikariDataSource(config);
    }
    
    public String mainHandler(APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent requestEvent, Context context) {
    System.out.println("start main handler");
    System.out.println("requestEvent: " + requestEvent);
    System.out.println("context: " + context);
    
    try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM employee")) {
    ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
    while (rs.next()) {
    System.out.println(rs.getInt("id"));
    System.out.println(rs.getString("first_name"));
    System.out.println(rs.getString("last_name"));
    System.out.println(rs.getString("address"));
    System.out.println(rs.getString("city"));
    }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent apiGatewayProxyResponseEvent = new APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent();
    apiGatewayProxyResponseEvent.setBody("API GW Test Success");
    apiGatewayProxyResponseEvent.setIsBase64Encoded(false);
    apiGatewayProxyResponseEvent.setStatusCode(200);
    
    Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
    headers.put("Content-Type", "text");
    headers.put("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    apiGatewayProxyResponseEvent.setHeaders(headers);
    
    return apiGatewayProxyResponseEvent.toString();
    }
    }
    

    SCF DB SDK for MySQL

    For ease of use, the SCF team encapsulated the code related to connection pools in Node.js and Python as SCF DB SDK for MySQL. Please refer to Dependency Installation for installation and use. With this SDK, you can connect to MySQL, TDSQL-C, or TDSQL for MySQL databases and performs operations such as insertion and query.
    SCF DB SDK for MySQL has the following features:
    It can automatically initialize the database client from environment variables.
    It can maintain a persistent database connection globally and handle reconnection after disconnection.
    The SCF team will continuously check issues to ensure that the database connection is available, so you don't need to pay attention to connection issues.
    1. SDK for Node.js
    'use strict';
    const database = require('scf-nodejs-serverlessdb-sdk').database;
    
    exports.main_handler = async (event, context, callback) => {
    let pool = await database('TESTDB2').pool()
    pool.query('select * from coffee',(err,results)=>{
    console.log('db2 callback query result:',results)
    })
    // no need to release pool
    
    console.log('db2 query result:',result)
    }
    
    Note:
    For specific usage of the SDK for Node.js, please see SCF DB SDK for MySQL.
    2. SDK for Python
    from serverless_db_sdk import database
    
    def main_handler(event, context):
    print('Start Serverlsess DB SDK function')
    
    connection = database().connection(autocommit=False)
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    
    cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM name')
    myresult = cursor.fetchall()
    
    for x in myresult:
    print(x)
    
    
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