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TDMQ for Apache Pulsar
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    Message Compression

    Last updated: 2024-06-28 11:31:37
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      Background

      In Pulsar, a message of over 5 MB cannot be successfully sent. To send such a large message, you need to compress it in the client first.

      Processing Large Message in Pulsar

      As the default size limit for a single message is 5 MB in Pulsar, the producer will fail to send a message exceeding this limit. You can handle this in the following two ways:
      Message chunking: Message chunking enables Pulsar to process large payload messages by splitting the message into chunks at the producer side and aggregating chunked messages at the consumer side.
      Message compression: The message size can be compressed by replacing the same character sequences in the message data. Pulsar supports four compression algorithms: LZ4, ZLIB, ZSTD, and Snappy.
      ‌We recommend that you compress large messages before sending them.

      Compression Algorithm Introduction and Comparison

      Introduction

      LZ4
      LZ4 is a lossless data compression algorithm that consumes a small amount of CPU. It features extremely fast compression/decompression speed.
      ZLIB
      ‌ZLIB is a common lossless data compression algorithm that can improve network transfer efficiency and network capacity because it can effectively reduce the size of transferred data. As a variant of the Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm, it can compress data to half the original size or even less. It can be used for data compression and decompression.
      ZSTD
      ‌ZSTD is a variant of the LZ77 compression algorithm and is based on Huffman coding. It is an effective compression algorithm for different compression scenarios. Compared with other compression algorithms, it compresses data faster and more efficiently because it features real-time encoding. It can guarantee a high compression ratio and high compression speed at the same time.
      Snappy
      ‌Snappy is a lossless compression algorithm based on LZ77. Its core principle lies in the replacement of the repetitive character strings in a data stream with shorter codes to reduce the stream size.

      Comparison

      Compression Algorithm
      Compression Ratio
      Compression Speed
      Decompression Speed
      ZLIB 1.2.11 -1
      2.743
      110 MB/sec
      400 MB/sec
      LZ4 1.8.1
      2.101
      750 MB/sec
      3,700 MB/sec
      ZSTD 1.3.4-1
      2.877
      470 MB/sec
      1,380 MB/sec
      Snappy 1.1.4
      2.091
      530 MB/sec
      1,800 MB/sec
      Throughput: LZ4 > Snappy > ZSTD > ZLIB
      Compression ratio: ZSTD > ZLIB > LZ4 > Snappy
      Physical resource occupation: Snappy occupies the most network bandwidth while ZSTD occupies the least.

      Compression Algorithm Test

      Test result

      Note:
      The following test results are for reference only. The actual compression effect is subject to the specific message content.
      Message Size
      Message
      Compression Algorithm
      Monitored Message Size
      Message Compression Duration
      Message Sending Duration
      5 MB
      Random message body
      LZ4 (threshold: 5 MB)
      9.95 MB
      31 ms
      0.049 ms
      ZLIB
      7.26 MB
      31 ms
      0.038 ms
      ZSTD
      8.20 MB
      31 ms
      0.039 ms
      Snappy (threshold: 5 MB)
      9.70 MB
      33 ms
      0.046 ms
      6 MB
      Random message body
      ZLIB (threshold: 6 MB)
      8.71 MB
      35 ms
      0.044 ms
      ZSTD (threshold: 6 MB)
      9.84 MB
      35 ms
      0.046 ms
      20 MB
      Same message body
      LZ4
      0.16 MB
      41 ms
      0.006 ms
      ZLIB
      0.20 MB
      42 ms
      0.006 ms
      ZSTD
      0.01 MB
      42 ms
      0.003 ms
      Snappy
      2.47 MB
      41 ms
      0.021 ms
      40 MB
      Same message body
      LZ4
      0.32 MB
      123 ms
      0.008 ms
      ZLIB
      0.39 MB
      122 ms
      0.008 ms
      ZSTD
      0.01 MB
      124 ms
      0.004 ms
      Snappy
      4.95 MB
      123 ms
      0.036 ms
      80 MB
      Same message body
      LZ4
      0.63 MB
      241 ms
      0.009 ms
      ZLIB
      0.39 MB
      244 ms
      0.01 ms
      ZSTD
      0.01 MB
      243 ms
      0.004 ms
      Snappy (threshold: 80 MB)
      9.9 MB
      243 ms
      0.056 ms
      160 MB
      Same message body
      LZ4
      1.26 MB
      484 ms
      0.013 ms
      ZLIB
      1.56 MB
      479 ms
      0.016 ms
      ZSTD
      0.03 MB
      481 ms
      0.004 ms
      320 MB
      Same message body
      LZ4
      2.5 MB
      1,035 ms
      0.03 ms
      ZLIB
      3.1 MB
      1,008 ms
      0.027 ms
      ZSTD
      0.03 MB
      949 ms
      0.004 ms
      585 MB
      Same message body
      LZ4
      4.59 MB
      1,705 ms
      0.027 ms
      ZLIB
      5.67 MB
      1,733 ms
      0.03 ms
      ZSTD
      0.11 MB
      1,722 ms
      0.006 ms
      Summary:
      For data streams with random message body (non-repetitive strings), the four compression algorithms show low compression ratios. When the message is larger than 5 MB, none of the four algorithms can compress it to less than 5 MB.
      For data streams with same message body (repetitive strings), all the compression algorithms show high compression ratios. Especially, LZ4, ZLIB, and ZSTD can compress a message of 5–600 MB to less than 5 MB.

      Message compression demo and test

      For the demo, see tdmq-sdk-demo.‌

      Test

      Parameters called by the producer:
      java -jar tdmq-sdk-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar pulsar://xxxx:6650 
      eyJrZXlJZCI6ImRlZmF1bHRfa2V5SWQiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJzdXBlcnVzZXIifQ.dYcCfp4XrdWRKdKaWylobY-_xEExfRCi1pMvNyZXbqU 
      pulsar-78ra8ownxb7d/BigMSGSpace/BigMSGTopic subname 1 500 0 1 20480 1 0
      ‌Parameters called by the consumer:
      java -jar tdmq-sdk-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dendencies.jar pulsar://xxxx:6650 
      eyJrZXlJZCI6ImRlZmF1bHRfa2V5SWQiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJzdXBlcnVzZXIifQ.dYcCfp4XrdWRKdKaWylobY-_xEExfRCi1pMvNyZXbqU 
      pulsar-92d7w2mjwmv9/BigMessSpace/BigMessTopic subname 1 500 1
      
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