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    NOWAIT

    Last updated: 2024-07-22 11:31:50
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      Overview

      DDL statements support NO_WAIT and WAIT options. If a DDL statement with WAIT enabled fails to obtain an MDL lock, it will wait for WAIT seconds before it directly returns the query result. If a DDL statement with NO_WAIT enabled, it will directly return the query result without waiting for the MDL lock.
      SELECT FOR UPDATE statements support NOWAIT and SKIP LOCKED options. If target rows are locked by another transaction, a SELECT FOR UPDATE statement is supposed to wait for the transaction to release the lock. But in some use cases like flash sales, you do not want to wait for a lock. You can use SKIP LOCKED to skip locked rows (as a result, the locked rows won't be returned in the query result set) or NOWAIT to return an error without waiting for the lock.
      Note that NO_WAIT and NOWAIT are different keywords.

      Supported Versions

      NO_WAIT and WAIT in DDL statements are supported in kernel version MySQL 5.7 20171130 and above.
      NOWAIT and SKIP LOCKED in SELECT FOR UPDATE statements are supported in kernel version MySQL 5.7 20200630 and above (not just limited to MySQL 8.0 that natively supports the feature).

      Use Cases

      Currently, DevAPI/XPlugin does not support using SKIP LOCKED or NOWAIT in SELECT FOR UPDATE/SHARE statements. Note that NO_WAIT in DDL statements and NOWAIT in SELECT FOR UPDATE statements are different keywords for historical reasons.

      Instructions

      SELECT FOR UPDATE NOWAIT/SKIP LOCKED

      ###############session 1###############
      MySQL [test]> create table t1(seat_id int, state int, primary key(seat_id)) engine=innodb;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,0), (2,0), (3,0), (4,0);
      Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
      Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
      
      MySQL [test]> begin;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR SHARE;
      +---------+-------+
      | seat_id | state |
      +---------+-------+
      |       1 |     0 |
      |       2 |     0 |
      +---------+-------+
      2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
      
      ###############session 2###############
      MySQL [test]> SET SESSION innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE;
      ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;
      ERROR 5010 (HY000): Do not wait for lock.
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED;
      +---------+-------+
      | seat_id | state |
      +---------+-------+
      |       3 |     0 |
      |       4 |     0 |
      +---------+-------+
      2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE seat_id > 0 LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;
      ERROR 5010 (HY000): Do not wait for lock.
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE seat_id > 0 LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED;
      +---------+-------+
      | seat_id | state |
      +---------+-------+
      |       3 |     0 |
      |       4 |     0 |
      +---------+-------+
      2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> commit;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

      SELECT FOR SHARE NOWAIT/SKIP LOCKED

      ###############session 1###############
      MySQL [test]> begin;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE;
      +---------+-------+
      | seat_id | state |
      +---------+-------+
      |       1 |     0 |
      |       2 |     0 |
      +---------+-------+
      2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
      
      ###############session 2###############
      MySQL [test]> SET SESSION innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> begin;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 LOCK IN SHARE MODE;
      ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR SHARE;
      ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR SHARE NOWAIT;
      ERROR 5010 (HY000): Do not wait for lock.
      MySQL [test]> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE state = 0 LIMIT 2 FOR SHARE SKIP LOCKED;
      +---------+-------+
      | seat_id | state |
      +---------+-------+
      |       3 |     0 |
      |       4 |     0 |
      +---------+-------+
      2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
      
      MySQL [test]> commit;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

      NO_WAIT and WAIT in DDL statements

      ALTER TABLE `table` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]] `command`;
      DROP TABLE `table` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
      TRUNCATE TABLE `table` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
      OPTIMIZE TABLE `table` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
      RENAME TABLE `table_src` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]] TO `table_dst`;
      CREATE INDEX `index` ON `table.columns` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
      CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX `index` ON `table.columns` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
      CREATE SPATIAL INDEX `index` ON `table.columns` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
      DROP INDEX `index` ON `table` [NO_WAIT | WAIT [n]];
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