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    Overview - INTELLIGENT TIERING

    Last updated: 2024-10-24 18:41:54
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      Overview

      INTELLIGENT TIERING is a COS storage class designed to reduce storage costs by automatically moving objects between two storage tiers (frequent access and infrequent access) when access patterns change.
      INTELLIGENT TIERING is suitable for data with an unpredictable or variable access pattern. COS monitors the access situation of objects, and storage fees are charged based on the actual storage tier utilized (frequent access tier, infrequent access tier, archive tier, and deep archive tier).Users can change the storage class of objects with uncertain access patterns from STANDARD to INTELLIGENT TIERING as needed to reduce in-cloud storage costs.
      Note:
      INTELLIGENT TIERING is currently available only in the Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Singapore, Tokyo, and Frankfurt regions.
      INTELLIGENT TIERING is a standalone storage class that will incur storage usage fees and object monitoring fees. You can purchase an INTELLIGENT TIERING storage pack to redeem the storage usage fees. For detailed pricing, see Product Pricing.
      MAZ buckets do not support enabling configurations for intelligent tiering archive/deep archive tiers.

      Advantages

      The access patterns of data stored in INTELLIGENT TIERING will be monitored. COS moves objects that have not been accessed for a continuous period to the lower-cost infrequent access tier. If an object in the infrequent access tier is accessed later, it is automatically moved back to the frequent access tier to ensure the data retrieval performance. INTELLIGENT TIERING manages to strike a balance between storage costs and read/write performance and features the following strengths:
      Cost-effective: When you use INTELLIGENT TIERING for persistent storage, the longer your data is stored, the more you can save on your storage costs (up to about 20%) compared with the STANDARD storage class. INTELLIGENT TIERING is also involved in the object storage lifecycle, where you can transition your INTELLIGENT TIERING data to ARCHIVE to further lower storage costs.
      Stable and durable: INTELLIGENT TIERING provides the same low latency and high throughput as the STANDARD storage class. Besides, it offers durability of up to 99.999999999% (11 9s) by using erasure code-based redundancy, and up to 99.99% availability by using block storage and concurrent reads/writes. INTELLIGENT TIERING has also been integrated with the COS MAZ architecture, featuring high durability (99.9999999999%, that is, 12 9s) and availability (99.995%).
      Easy-to-use: To use INTELLIGENT TIERING, all you need to do is specify it as the storage class of your object. This COS storage class is inherently compatible with COS APIs, SDKs, tools, and applications, making it easy for you to manage your in-cloud data as needed.

      Supported Storage Tiers

      Introduction to Storage Tiers

      Note:
      Files smaller than 64KB will remain in the standard tier and will not descend to the infrequent access tier, archive tier, or deep archive tier.
      Users can check which tier an intelligent tiering object is in by using the header x-cos-storage-tier returned by the API HeadObject. Additionally, in the list of objects returned by calling APIs GetBucket and GetBucketVersions, an intelligent tiering object will include the StorageTier field for viewing the object's tier.
      Access Tier
      x-cos-storage-tier
      Frequent Access Tier
      FREQUENT
      Infrequent Access Tier
      INFREQUENT
      Archive Tier
      ARCHIVE_ACCESS
      Deep Archive Tier
      DEEP_ARCHIEVE_ACCESS

      Frequent Access Tier (Enabled by default)

      After INT objects are uploaded, they are in the frequent access tier (FREQUENT) by default. While objects are in this tier, storage fees are billed according to the regional standard storage list price.

      Infrequent Access Tier (Enabled by default)

      When enabling intelligent tiering for a bucket, you need to select the number of days after which to transition to the infrequent access tier, with options including 30, 60, and 90 days. Once set, it cannot be modified.
      If an object remains unaccessed for a continuous period of 30 days (or 60 or 90 days), it will transition from the frequent access tier to the infrequent access tier (INFREQUENT). While the object is in this tier, storage fees are billed according to the current region's infrequent storage list price. After being accessed, the object will return to the frequent access tier.

      Archive Tier (Optional)

      Since objects in the archive tier must be restored before access, enabling the archive tier is optional. Users can enable the archive tier for objects with specific prefixes or tags by adding one or more intelligent tiering archive configuration rules , and set the transition days. The minimum transition period of the archive tier is 91 days, and the maximum is 730 days.
      Note:
      If the current region does not support archive storage, the console will not allow adding archive configuration rules, and intelligent tiering objects will not descend to the archive tier.
      When intelligent tiering objects are in the archive tier, storage fees are charged according to the regional archive storage list price, and there will be no early deletion fees.
      Restoring Archive Tier objects
      When an object remains unaccessed for N consecutive days, it will transition from the infrequent access tier to the archive tier. Once in the archive tier, data can only be read after the object is restored via PostObjectRestore.
      Unlike regular archive types, restoring an object from an INT archive tier will not create a standard-type replica. Instead, the object itself will directly return to the frequent access tier.
      Similar to the regular archive type, INT archive tier objects support three retrieval modes: expedited, standard, and bulk. In terms of fees, only expedited retrieval fees are charged, and the list price is the same as the regional archive storage expedited retrieval fees. Retrieval request fees for all modes, and retrieval fees for standard and bulk modes are not charged.

      Deep Archive Tier (Optional)

      Similarly, deep archive tier objects need to be restored before access. Therefore, enabling the deep archive tier is optional. Users can activate the deep archive tier for objects with specific prefixes or tags by adding one or more intelligent tiering deep archive configuration rules. It is possible to configure both the archive tier and deep archive tier transition in the same rule. It is important to note that the transition days for the deep archive tier must be at least 180 days and a maximum of 730 days, and must be greater than the transition days for the archive tier.
      Note:
      If the current region does not support deep archive storage, the console will not allow adding deep archive configuration rules, and intelligent tiering objects will not descend to the deep archive tier.
      When INT objects are in the deep archive tier, storage fees are charged according to the regional deep archive storage list price, and there will be no early deletion fees.
      Restoring objects from the Deep Archive Tier
      When an object remains unaccessed for M days, it will transition from the infrequent access tier/archive tier to the deep archive tier. Once in the deep archive tier, data can be read only after the object is restored through PostObjectRestore.
      Unlike regular deep archive types, restoring an object from the INT Deep Archive Tier will not produce a standard-type replica; instead, the object itself will directly return to the frequent access tier.
      Similar to regular deep archive types, INT deep archive tier objects support two retrieval modes: standard and bulk, and there will be neither retrieval fees nor retrieval request fees.

      Enabling Intelligent Tiering, Archive Tier and Deep Archive Tier Configuration

      Rule Description

      Once a bucket is enabled with intelligent tiering configuration, the uploaded intelligent tiering objects by default only switch between the frequent access tier and the infrequent access tier. After archive and deep archive tier rules are added in the intelligent tiering configuration, switching to the archive and deep archive tiers can be enabled. Each bucket can support up to 1000 archive and deep archive tier configuration rules, with the elements included in the rules as follows. For more details on the rules, refer to the API documentation PUT Bucket IntelligentTiering.

      Rule Name (Id)

      Used to uniquely identify archive and deep archive rules.

      Status

      Supports Enabled or Disabled. When in the disabled state, even if archive/deep archive tier rules are configured, transition to the archive or deep archive tiers will not actually occur.

      Application Scope (Filter)

      The effective range of the rules. It supports prefix filtering and tag filtering. The number of prefixes cannot exceed one, and the number of tags cannot exceed ten.

      Hierarchy Settings

      Supports setting the transition time for the archive tier and deep archive tier within a single rule. After the corresponding rules are set, INT objects will start the transition to the archive and deep archive tiers. Otherwise, they will only switch between the frequent access tier and the infrequent access tier.
      Archive Tier (ARCHIVE_ACCESS): Supports the setting between 91 to 730 days.
      Deep Archive Tier (DEEP_ARCHIEVE_ACCESS): Supports the setting between 180 to 730 days.

      Storage Tier Transition Order

      Users can enable archive tier transition and deep archive tier transition separately or enable both at the same time. The transition will proceed sequentially based on the configured days for the infrequent access tier, archive tier, and deep archive tier.
      Configuration Samples
      Configuration Details
      Effective Result
      Sample 1
      30 days for the infrequent access tier, 100 days for the archive tier, and 190 days for the deep archive tier
      After 30 consecutive days of no access, transition from the standard access tier to the infrequent access tier will occur.
      After 100 consecutive days of no access, transition from the infrequent access tier to the archive tier will occur.
      After 190 consecutive days of no access, transition from the archive tier to the deep archive tier will occur.
      Example 2
      30 days for the infrequent access tier, and 190 days for deep archive tier
      After 30 consecutive days of no access, transition from the standard access tier to the infrequent access tier will occur.
      After 190 consecutive days of no access, transition from the infrequent access tier to the deep archive tier will occur.
      Example 3
      60 days for the infrequent access tier and 91 days for the archive tier
      After 60 consecutive days of no access, transition from the standard access tier to the infrequent access tier will occur.
      After 91 consecutive days of no access, transitions from the infrequent access tier to the archive tier will occur.

      Restoring INT Objects from the Archive and Deep Archive Tiers

      When an object remains unaccessed for many consecutive days, it will be transitioned from the infrequent access tier to the archive/deep archive tier. Once it enters the archive or deep archive tier, it needs to be restored using PostObjectRestore before the data can be read.
      Unlike the restoration of regular archive types and deep archive types of objects, the restoration of INT archive and deep archive tier objects does not create a standard replica; instead, the object itself will directly return to the frequent access tier. Therefore, when initiating a retrieval request for INT archive/deep archive tier objects, there is no need to specify the number of days for retrieval.
      Similar to the regular archive types, INT archive tier objects support fast, standard, and bulk retrieval modes; like the regular deep archive types, INT deep archive tier objects support standard and bulk retrieval modes.
      In terms of charges, apart from the archive tier fast retrieval fee (priced the same as the regional archive storage fast retrieval fee), no other retrieval fees, retrieval request fees, or rewarming replica storage fees are charged.
      
      Archive Storage Type
      Intelligent Tiering Object - Archive Tier
      Deep Archive Storage Type
      Intelligent Tiering Object - Deep Archive Tier
      Storage Fee
      Storage fees are charged according to the current regional archive storage type
      Storage fees are charged according to the current regional deep archive storage type
      Whether retrieval generates a replica
      Yes, it is necessary to specify the retention period, and replica storage fees are incurred according to standard storage pricing.
      No, there will be no replica storage fees.
      Yes, it is necessary to specify the retention period, and replica storage fees are incurred according to standard storage pricing.
      No, there will be no replica storage fees.
      Retrieval Mode
      Expedited mode Standard mode Batch mode
      Expedited mode Standard mode Batch mode
      Standard mode Batch mode
      Standard mode Batch mode
      Retrieval Fee
      (In USD/GB)
      Fast
      Fast Retrieval Fee for Archiving
      Fast Retrieval Fee for Intelligent Tiering Archive Tier (Same Pricing as Archiving Storage)
      \\
      \\
      Standard
      Standard Retrieval Fee for Archiving
      Free
      Deep Archiving Standard Retrieval Fee
      Free
      Batch
      Archival Batch Retrieval Fee
      Free
      Deep Archive Batch Retrieval Fee
      Free
      Retrieval Request Fees
      (In USD/10,000 Calls)
      Free
      Free
      Deep Archive Standard Retrieval Request Fee Deep Archive Bulk Retrieval Request Fee
      Free
      Read/Write Request Fee
      Consistent with the standard storage fee after the restoration
      Intelligent Tiering Read and Write Request Fee
      Deep Archive Read and Write Request Fee
      Intelligent Tiering Read and Write Request Fee
      During the restoration process, you can use HeadObject to check the restoration status of INT archive tier/deep archive tier objects.
      When in the process of restoration, the response header of HEAD Object will include x-cos-restore and x-cos-restore-status. For example, x-cos-restore:ongoing-request="true", cos-restore-status:tier="bulk"; request-date="Mon, 18 Nov 2019 09:34:50 GMT".
      After the restoration is complete, INT objects directly return to the frequent access tier, and the corresponding head part of HEAD Object x-cos-storage-tier is FREQUENT.

      How to Use

      To store your object in the COS INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class, enable INTELLIGENT TIERING for the bucket, and then specify the storage class of your object as INTELLIGENT TIERING.

      Using COS console

      Setting INTELLIGENT TIERING upon object uploads

      You can perform the following steps to store your object in the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class:
      1. On the bucket configuration page, enable INTELLIGENT TIERING. For more information on the process of enabling INTELLIGENT TIERING, see Setting INTELLIGENT TIERING.
      2. Upload a file and specify the storage class during the upload. For more information about how to upload a file, see Uploading Objects.
      Note:
      Once INTELLIGENT TIERING is enabled for a bucket, it cannot be disabled.

      Moving in-cloud objects to INTELLIGENT TIERING

      You can perform the following steps to move in-cloud objects to the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class:
      1. On the bucket configuration page, create a lifecycle rule. For detailed directions, see Setting Lifecycle.
      2. Specify the application range and transition objects to INTELLIGENT TIERING.

      Enabling Intelligent Tiering Archive and Deep Archive Tier

      Users can enable intelligent tiering archive and deep archive tier configuration for buckets as needed. For details, see Setting Intelligent Tiering Storage documentation.

      Using the REST API

      You can use the following APIs to configure INTELLIGENT TIERING:
      1. Use RESTful APIs to enable INTELLIGENT TIERING for your bucket. For more information, see the following API documentation:
      To enable intelligent tiering and set the transition days for the infrequent access tier:
      PUT Bucket IntelligentTiering (id is not default)
      GET Bucket IntelligentTiering (id is not default)
      To configure or delete archive and deep archive tier rules:
      PUT Bucket IntelligentTiering (id is not default)
      GET Bucket IntelligentTiering (id is not default)
      Delete Bucket IntelligentTiering (id is not default)
      2. After enabling INTELLIGENT TIERING for the bucket, use the following APIs to store the object in the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class:
      PUT Object
      PUT Object - Copy
      POST Object
      Initiate Multipart Upload
      3. You can use the following APIs to query the storage class or storage tier of an object:
      GET Object
      HEAD Object
      4. You can use the following RESTful APIs to delete objects in the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class:
      DELETE Object
      DELETE Multiple Objects
      PUT Bucket lifecycle
      Delete Bucket IntelligentTiering
      5. To retrieve objects from the intelligent tiering archive tier and deep archive tier, please refer to the following API:
      PostObjectRestore

      Using the SDK

      Currently, all COS SDKs support INTELLIGENT TIERING. To use this storage class, set StorageClass to INTELLIGENT_TIERING or MAZ_INTELLIGENT_TIERING when uploading an object. For more information, see Uploading Object.

      Use Limits

      INTELLIGENT TIERING has the following limits:
      Setting: The setting cannot be changed once configured. To change it, contact us. The number of consecutive no-access days for moving objects to the infrequent access tier can be set to 30, 60, or 90.
      Initial storage tier: A new object is stored in the frequent access tier by default, and will only be moved to the infrequent access tier if it hasn’t been accessed for a certain period.
      Minimum storage size: An object smaller than 64 KB can only be stored in the frequent access tier and cannot be moved between the frequent and infrequent access tiers. Objects are billed based on their actual sizes.
      Operation: Uploading objects to INTELLIGENT TIERING using the APPEND Object API is not supported.
      Lifecycle: Objects in the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class can only be transitioned to ARCHIVE or DEEP ARCHIVE. If a STANDARD object is transitioned to INTELLIGENT TIERING, it will be stored in the frequent access tier. If a STANDARD_IA object is transitioned to INTELLIGENT TIERING, it will be stored in the infrequent access tier.
      Bucket replication: During bucket replication, if INTELLIGENT TIERING is not enabled for the destination bucket, the object cannot be copied to the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class.

      FAQs

      How is INTELLIGENT TIERING billed?

      INTELLIGENT TIERING fees include INTELLIGENT TIERING storage usage fees and INTELLIGENT TIERING object monitoring fees.
      1. INTELLIGENT TIERING storage usage fees are charged differently depending on the storage tier of objects.
      When objects are stored in the frequent access tier, STANDARD storage usage fees are charged.
      When objects are stored in the infrequent access tier, STANDARD_IA storage usage fees are charged.
      Note:
      STANDARD and STANDARD_IA storage usage fees vary by region. For details about their pricing, see Product Pricing.
      Request fees and traffic fees are also incurred during object upload and download. For the billing examples, see Traffic Fee Billing Example and Request Fee Billing Example.
      2. INTELLIGENT TIERING object monitoring fees are charged based on the number of objects stored (excluding files smaller than 64 KB). For detailed pricing, see Pricing | Cloud Object Storage.
      Example
      Suppose an organization has 100,000 objects (all above 64 KB, 1 TB in total), and the data is stored in the INTELLIGENT TIERING storage class in Beijing region and transitioned to the infrequent access tier after 30 days. If 20% of the objects (i.e., 20,000 objects) are transitioned to the infrequent access tier every 30 days, the object monitoring fees and storage usage fees for every 30 days will be as follows:
      Note: In the table below, the object monitoring fees for Beijing region are 0.25 USD/10,000 objects per 30 days, that is, 0.00833333 (0.25 / 30) USD/10,000 objects per day.
      Storage Days
      30-day Object Monitoring Fees (USD)
      30-day INTELLIGENT TIERING Storage Usage Fees (USD)
      30-day STANDARD Storage Usage Fees (USD)
      30 * 1
      0.25/10,000 objects * 100,000
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      30 * 2
      0.25/10,000 objects * 100,000
      819.2 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 + 204.8 * 0.08 / 30 * 30 = 23.35
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      30 * 3
      0.25/10,000 objects * 100,000
      655.36 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 + 368.64 * 0.08 / 30 * 30 = 22.36
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      30 * 4
      0.25/10,000 objects * 100,000
      524.288 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 + 499.712 * 0.08 / 30 * 30 = 21.58
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      30 * 5
      0.25/10,000 objects * 100,000
      419.4304 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 + 604.5696 * 0.08 / 30 * 30 = 20.95
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      30 * 6
      0.25/10,000 objects * 100,000
      335.54432 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 + 688.45568 * 0.08 / 30 * 30 = 20.45
      1024 * 0.024 / 30 * 30 = 24.58
      As you can see, using INTELLIGENT TIERING reduces storage costs over time. Only a small amount of monitoring cost is required every 30 days.

      What types of objects is INTELLIGENT TIERING suitable for?

      INTELLIGENT TIERING is suitable for large objects (such as audio and video, logs, etc.) whose access patterns change. Larger average object sizes mean you pay less for monitoring per GB objects. If your business has relatively fixed data access patterns, you can set lifecycle configuration to specify the time to transition objects to STANDARD_IA without the need to use INTELLIGENT TIERING.

      How can I store objects in INTELLIGENT TIERING?

      You can store objects in INTELLIGENT TIERING as follows:
      Incremental objects: You just need to specify the storage class as INTELLIGENT TIERING when uploading the objects.
      Existing objects: You can modify the storage class to INTELLIGENT TIERING using the COPY API. You can also use the lifecycle feature to transition STANDARD or STANDARD_IA objects to INTELLIGENT TIERING.
      Note:
      In INTELLIGENT TIERING, objects smaller than 64 KB will always be stored in STANDARD. Therefore, for objects smaller than 64 KB, we recommend you upload them to the STANDARD, STANDARD_IA, ARCHIVE, or DEEP ARCHIVE storage class as needed to reduce costs.

      How do I disable INTELLIGENT TIERING configuration?

      INTELLIGENT TIERING configuration can't be disabled once enabled. If you don't need to store your objects in INTELLIGENT TIERING, you just need to specify the storage class as a non-INTELLIGENT TIERING class such as STANDARD, STANDARD_IA, ARCHIVE, or DEEP ARCHIVE when uploading the objects.
      The rules for intelligent tiering archive tier/deep archive tier support deletion. You can delete the corresponding rules to prevent new INT objects from descending into the archive tier/deep archive tier.

      How are charges applied for archiving in the intelligent tiering and deep archive tier?

      Storage fee: Charged according to the regional archive and deep archive storage fees.
      Retrieval fee and retrieval request fee: Apart from the fast retrieval fees for the archive tier, no other retrieval fees nor retrieval request fees are charged.
      Rewarming replica fee: Not charged.
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