Overview
Conditions are part of the access policy language. A complete condition includes the following elements:
Condition key: Specifies the type of the condition, for example, user access source IP and authorization time.
Condition operator: Specifies the condition determination method.
Condition value: Specifies the value of the condition key.
For more information, see Conditions of Access Management. Note:
When using condition keys to write a bucket policy, follow the principle of least privilege, add the corresponding condition keys only to applicable requests (actions), and avoid using the * wildcard when specifying the actions. Using the wildcard will cause the requests to fail.
When you create a policy in the CAM console, pay attention to the syntax format. The syntax elements of version, principal, statement, effect, action, resource, and condition must all begin with a letter in the same letter case.
Condition Example
In the following bucket policy example, the condition specifies that the cos:PutObject authorization operation can be completed only in the 10.217.182.3/24 or 111.21.33.72/24 IP range. In the condition:
The condition key is qcs:ip, indicating that the condition type is IP.
The condition operator is ip_equal, indicating that the condition determination method is to determine whether IP addresses match.
The condition value is the ["10.217.182.3/24","111.21.33.72/24"] array, listing the specified values for condition determination. If the user's IP is in any of the specified IP ranges in the array, the condition is determined as true.
{
"version":"2.0",
"statement":[
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"allow",
"action":[
"name/cos:PutObject"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"ip_equal":{
"qcs:ip":[
"10.217.182.3/24",
"111.21.33.72/24"
]
}
}
}
]
}
Condition Keys Supported by COS
Note:
Currently, the tls-version condition key is supported only in the Beijing region. It will be supported in other regions later.
COS supports two types of condition keys: condition keys applicable to all requests, including IP, VPC, and HTTPS, and condition keys from request headers and request parameters and generally applicable only to requests that need to carry the request headers or request parameters. For the descriptions and use cases of these condition keys, see Descriptions and Use Cases of Condition Keys. Note:
Conditions and condition keys are applicable only to the access management of user requests. When the lifecycle and bucket replication rules are valid, actions such as deletion and replication are initiated by COS rather than users and therefore are not in the applicable scope of condition keys.
Condition keys applicable to all requests
Condition keys applicable to all requests are qcs:ip, qcs:vpc, and cos:secure-transport, which indicate the source IP range of the request, source VPC ID of the request, and whether the request uses HTTPS, respectively.
|
| | Whether the request uses HTTPS | |
| | Source IP range of the request | |
| | Source VPC ID of the request | |
| | TLS version used by HTTPS requests | |
Condition keys from request headers and request parameters
Because different requests have different request headers (Header) and request parameters (Param), condition keys from request headers and request parameters are applicable only to requests that contain such request headers or request parameters.
For example, the condition key cos:content-type is applicable to upload requests (such as PutObject) that need to use the request header Content-Type, while the condition key cos:response-content-type is applicable only to GetObject requests because only GetObject requests support the request parameter response-content-type.
The table below lists the condition keys from request headers and request parameters and the corresponding applicable requests.
|
| PutObject PostObject InitiateMultipartUpload AppendObject | Request header: x-cos-storage-class | |
| GetObject DeleteObject PostObjectRestore PutObjectTagging GetObjectTagging DeleteObjectTagging HeadObject | Request parameter: versionid | |
| GetBucket (List Objects) GET Bucket Object versions List Multipart Uploads ListLiveChannels | Request parameter: prefix | |
| PutObject PostObject PutObjectACL PutBucket PutBucketACL AppendObject Initiate Multipart Upload | Request header: x-cos-acl | |
| This request header has a wide applicable scope, typically requests with request bodies. | Request header: Content-Length | |
| This request header has a wide applicable scope, typically requests with request bodies. | Request header: Content-Type | |
| | Request parameter: response-content-type | |
| PutBucket PutBucketTagging | Request header: x-cos-tagging Request parameter: tagging | |
Condition Operators
COS supports the following condition operators, which are applicable to condition keys of the String, Numeric, Boolean, and IP types.
|
| String equal to (case-sensitive) | |
| String not equal to (case-sensitive) | |
| String similar to (case-sensitive). Currently, wildcards (*) can be prefixed or suffixed to the string, for example, image/*. | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
numeric_greater_than_equal | Number greater than or equal to | |
| | |
| Number less than or equal to | |
_if_exist
You can add _if_exist to the end of all the preceding condition operators to form new condition operators, such as string_equal_if_exist. The differences between condition operators with and without _if_exist are as follows:
For a condition operator without _if_exist, such as string_equal, it is considered that the condition is met (False) by default if the request does not contain the specified request header or parameter.
For a condition operator with _if_exist, such as string_equal_if_exist, it is considered that the condition is met (True) by default if the request does not contain the specified request header or parameter.
License request example
Example 1: allow downloading objects of a specified version
In the bucket policy in this example, Effect is allow, allowing GetObject requests where the request parameter versionid is MTg0NDUxNTc1NjIzMTQ1MDAwODg. According to the allow authorization policy, if the condition is met (True), the request will be allowed; if the condition is not met (False), the request will not be allowed and will fail.
{
"version":"2.0",
"statement":[
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"allow",
"action":[
"name/cos:GetObject"
],
"condition":{
"string_equal":{
"cos:versionid":"MTg0NDUxNTc1NjIzMTQ1MDAwODg"
}
},
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
]
}
]
}
The table below lists the condition meeting and request allowing details of the condition operators string_equal and string_equal_if_exist.
|
| | | |
| | | |
| With versionid, whose value is specified | | |
| With versionid, whose value is specified | | |
| With versionid, whose value is not specified | | |
| With versionid, whose value is not specified | | |
Example 2: disallow downloading objects of a specified version
In the bucket policy in this example, Effect is deny, disallowing GetObject requests where the request parameter versionid is MTg0NDUxNTc1NjIzMTQ1MDAwODg. According to the deny authorization policy, if the condition is met (True), the request will fail; if the condition is not met (False), the request will not be denied.
{
"version":"2.0",
"statement":[
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"deny",
"action":[
"name/cos:GetObject"
],
"condition":{
"string_equal":{
"cos:versionid":"MTg0NDUxNTc1NjIzMTQ1MDAwODg"
}
},
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
]
}
]
}
The table below lists the condition meeting and request denial details of the condition operators string_equal and string_equal_if_exist.
|
| | | |
| | | |
| With versionid, whose value is specified | | |
| With versionid, whose value is specified | | |
| With versionid, whose value is not specified | | |
| With versionid, whose value is not specified | | |
Notes
Special characters require URL encoding
Special characters in request parameters all require URL encoding, and therefore bucket policies that use condition keys from the request parameters require URL encoding as well. For example, if you are to use the cos:response-content-type condition key in a bucket policy, the condition value image/jpeg must be encoded (URL encoding) into image%2Fjpeg before it is entered into the bucket policy.
Principle of least privilege and no * wildcard
When using condition keys, comply with the principle of least privilege, add only actions for which you want to set permissions, and avoid using the * wildcard. Misuse of the * wildcard may cause some requests to fail. In the example below, requests other than GetObject do not support using the request parameter response-content-type.
For "deny + string_equal_if_exist", if the condition key does not exist in the request, it is considered True by default. Therefore, when you initiate requests such as PutObject and PutBucket, the deny statement will be met and the requests will be denied.
For "allow + string_equal", if the condition key does not exist in the request, it is considered False by default. Therefore, when you initiate requests such as PutObject and PutBucket, the allow statement will not be met and the requests will not be allowed.
{
"version":"2.0",
"statement":[
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"allow",
"action":[
"*"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"string_equal":{
"cos:response-content-type":"image%2Fjpeg"
}
}
},
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"deny",
"action":[
"*"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"string_not_equal_if_exist":{
"cos:response-content-type":"image%2Fjpeg"
}
}
}
]
}
Alternatively, you can use "allow + string_equal_if_exist" and "deny + string_not_equal" to allow requests without the response-content-type request parameter.
For "deny + string_equal", if the condition key does not exist in the request, it is considered False by default. Therefore, when you initiate requests such as PutObject and PutBucket, the deny statement will not be met and the requests will not be denied.
For "allow + string_equal_if_exist", if the condition key does not exist in the request, it is considered True by default. Therefore, when you initiate requests such as PutObject and PutBucket, the allow statement will be met and the requests will be allowed.
However, if you use condition operators in this way, you will not be able to restrict whether a GetObject request carries the response-content-type request parameter. A GetObject request without the response-content-type request parameter will be allowed by default like other requests. Only when the GetObject request carries the response-content-type request parameter, you can use your specified condition to check whether the content of the request parameter is the same as what you expect to implement conditional authorization.
{
"version":"2.0",
"statement":[
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"allow",
"action":[
"*"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"string_equal_if_exist":{
"cos:response-content-type":"image%2Fjpeg"
}
}
},
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"deny",
"action":[
"*"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"string_not_equal":{
"cos:response-content-type":"image%2Fjpeg"
}
}
}
]
}
Therefore, the more secure way is to comply with the principle of least privilege and restrict the action to GetObject requests without using the * wildcard.
As shown in the example policy below, the policy condition strictly specifies that authorization is performed only for GetObject requests carrying the response-content-type request parameter with value image%2Fjpeg.
Other requests are not affected by the policy in this example, and can be authorized separately based on the principle of least privilege.
{
"version":"2.0",
"statement":[
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"allow",
"action":[
"name/cos:GetObject"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"string_equal":{
"cos:response-content-type":"image%2Fjpeg"
}
}
},
{
"principal":{
"qcs":[
"qcs::cam::uin/1250000000:uin/1250000001"
]
},
"effect":"deny",
"action":[
"name/cos:GetObject"
],
"resource":[
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"
],
"condition":{
"string_not_equal_if_exist":{
"cos:response-content-type":"image%2Fjpeg"
}
}
}
]
}
